The majority of Indonesia’s population are Sunni Muslims. Christians, Hindus, Buddhists, and other religious minorities also have deep historical roots in the country.
Bali is a city of unique diversity, where the majority of the population identify as Hindus. Other religious groups, including Muslims, Catholics, Protestants, and Buddhists, live on the island.
The presence of religious buildings, both from a historical and contemporary perspectives, highlights the religious diversity and co-existence within a country. These structures often reflect the intricate fabric of religious plurality that has shaped the nation’s identity and are celebrated as an integral part of its national heritage.
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Department of Justice and Constitutional Development South Africa. (2000). Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act.
https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/2000-004.pdf
Department of Justice and Constitutional Development South Africa. (2018). Prevention and Combating of Hate Crimes and Hate Speech Bill.
https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/hcbill/B9-2018-HateCrimesBill.pdf
OHCHR. (1966). International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. OHCHR.
Parliamentary Monitoring Group. (2023). Prevention and Combating of Hate Crimes and Hate Speech Bill (B9-2018) https://pmg.org.za/bill/779/
Republic of South Africa. (2022). AfriForum v Economic Freedom Fighters and Others. Republic of South Africa
https://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAGPJHC/2022/599.html?
South Africa. (1996). Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. Department of Justice and Constitutional Development. https://www.justice.gov.za/constitution/SAConstitution-web-eng.pdf
United Nations. (1966). International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights#:~:text=Article%2018,-1.&text=practice%20and%20teaching.-,2.,or%20belief%20of%20his%20choice.
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Additional Resources
For more information on Indonesia and its religious diversity, explore our Indonesia case study page.
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